euphemism-euphemism什么意思

He is a bicycle doctor.

他是单车修理工.

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此句不能译作:"他是个骑单车的医生",因句中的doctor是委婉语(euphemism),

是对某种职业的美称,故不作"医生"解,而是表示repair man的涵义.

委婉语起源于远古,维多利来女王时代中期为其鼎盛时期,在现代英语中,

其出现频率依然颇高,因为人们通过委婉语,可以用温顺悦耳的词语去谈论或

叙述一些原来令人不快或逆耳之事物.为此,他们用domestic help,day help或

live-in help代替mail或servant(佣人); 以custodian或superintendent替代

doorkeeper,caretaker或janitor(看门人或管理人);用She has a tile loose或

She has a cylinder missing去代替She is crazy或Sh is not right in the head(神经失常).

委婉语多如恒河沙数,不胜枚举,在此略举数例,以见一斑:

原 称 委 婉 语

无线电修理工 radio electrician radio doctor

理发师 barber cosmotologist

whore working girl/ street girl

家庭妇女 housewife household executive

收垃圾工人 garbage collector sanitary engineer

老年 old age second childhood

老人 old people senior citizens

假牙 false teeth dentures

小解 piss urinate/ number one

最后请看几个委婉类例:

Nowadays many weight-watchers would like to go to the gym.

如今有不少胖人喜欢到健身房去锻炼.

That luster has taken a fancy to Middle Eastern dancing.

那个好色之徒现在开始喜欢肚皮舞.

They are the culturally deprived.

他们是没有学识的人.

A libray of teaching materials for preventing teenage suicides

will open for educators in Hong Kong this year.

今年香港将为教师开设一家图书馆以提供防止青少年自杀的教学资料.

值得注意的是,委婉语虽然是"古已有之,于今为烈",但决不能用得过多过滥.

使用时要考虑场合和对象,如用得不得体,反而会使你"欲礼而不达",甚至令人不知所云,一头雾水.

euphuism名词解释

首先，Euphemism 和 the cooperative principle是两个东西，动词也不应是第三人称单数；其次，a hot research field in linguistics表达也不是很地道。Euphemism 和 the cooperative principle在中文中出现两次，重复，英文中应当避免。

建议可改：In rencent years a large number of scholars both at home and abraod have carried out detailed studies of Euphemism and the cooperative principle. (专有术语是否都大写请确认）

至于中文中表达a field of linguistic study, 个人认为英语中这属于“废话”，不用翻译出来。那一句话已经表达了有用信息。

仅供参考，祝好

急！请大家帮忙翻译成英语~谢谢~

euphuism是婉辞法的意思。

婉辞法指用委婉，文雅的方法表达粗恶、避讳的话。

euphuism例句如下：

1、He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下。

2、His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽。

3、His uncle passed away in 1997. 他的叔叔在1997年去世了。

英语中共有19种修辞手法：Simile明喻、Metaphor隐喻、Metonymy借喻、Synecdoche提喻、Synaesthesia通感、Personification拟人、Hyperbole夸张、Parallelism排比、Euphemism婉辞法、Allegory比方、Irony反语、Pun双关、Parody仿拟、Rhetorical question疑问、Antithesis对比、Paradox隽语、Oxymoron反意法，逆喻、Climax渐进法、Anticlimax渐降法。

cultural universal是什么意思

00001google翻译 Euphemism is the use of human language in the process of a universal phenomenon, when people talk about unpleasant things, in order to avoid embarrassing the atmosphere, use the more polite argument, it is a figure of speech, but also a cultural phenomenon.

Different languages in the euphemism in the function and purpose of communication have a common basis, however, reflects the cultural background is not the same, or even very much difference. In a cross-cultural communication do not know if these cultural differences, it will have a communication barrier, and even mistakes. Only by understanding euphemism reflected in the different cultural backgrounds, in order to reduce communication barriers to successful cross-cultural communication.

Euphemism as a figure of speech in English, the language can not be ignored in Communication plays a role. As society constantly improve the level of civilization, on the one hand, more and more people pay attention to their Yantanjuzhi, but on the other hand, the young generation in order to publicity personality, like to call a spade a spade, regardless of feelings of others, thus leading to many unnecessary conflicts and The dispute. This study has the need for euphemism.

In a sense, the accuracy of the proper use of euphemism, not only embodies a person's level of education and literacy, but also to make the occasion even more exchanges between the smooth harmony.

Based on the English and Chinese euphemism comparative analysis in the hope of the younger generation and help English learners.

0002godict翻译 The euphemism is that human language uses one kind of a universal phenomenon in process, while people talks about no happy thing, in order to avoid the awkward atmosphere, be put into use comparatively the courtesy statement, it is one kind of rhetoric lattice , also is one kind of culture phenomenon.

Euphemism in being unlike language has a common ground on the communicative function and purpose, but, reflected the culture taking place background is not but identical , even quite different. If not knowing about these culture differences , only not being capable to do the creation social intercourse obstacle, slip up even in striding over culture in social intercourse. Only when knowing the different culture that institute refraction puts up in the euphemism background, ability cuts down obstacle in social intercourse, social intercourse being in progress smoothly successfully striding over culture. The euphemism is English middle one kind of rhetoric means , is getting the assignable effect in language social intercourse. With ceaseless civilized degree of society rise , one aspect, the more and more many people pays attention to self manner of speech and behaviour, but on the other hand, a young generation speaks bluntly for making individuality known to public , liking it , give no consideration to others feel, arouse a lot of unnecessary conflict and dispute thereby. This has had the necessity studying an euphemism's right away.

Significance goes ahead kind from some , accurate proper applying is an euphemism, not only one people's has been embodied by level of education and accomplishment, and the association being able to use rooms among people becomes especially smooth harmoniously. Comparative analysis the main body of a book is passed to Englisg-Chinese euphemism, hope can help to some extent to a young generation and the English learner.

英语中的委婉语

cultural universal

文化模式；文化普同性；文化普遍性

1.

Euphemism, a universal cultural and linguistic phenomenon, is a natural and indispensable part of English language.

委婉语是一种普遍的语言文化现象，是英语不可缺少的一部分。

2.

This metaphor implies a universal cultural psychology: memory is a memory never started, the memory is memory loss.

这个隐喻暗示了一种普遍的文化心理：记忆是从无记忆开始的，记忆就是记忆的丧失。

3.

Ancient Cultural Relics have been considered as natural cultural resource with universal value.

古遗址是具有普遍价值的自然文化资源。

帮忙翻译!

1、委婉语普遍存在于各种语言中。正如美国学者HughRawson所指出的那样，“几乎没有——包括那些自诩言谈最为直截了当的人——能有哪一天不使用委婉语的”。在日常语言交际中，我们经常会遇到一些不可直言不讳的事情。因此，为了避免引起对方的不快，我们采取迂回曲折的方法来表达思想、交流信息。

2.英语委婉语的定义

英语委婉语来自希腊语。它有前缀“eu-”（意即good）和词干“phemism”（意为speech）组成，意谓“tospeakwithgoodwords”（用好词来说话）。那么，英语委婉语就是说话者或写作者用含蓄的、间接的、文雅的词或者表达方式来代替那些粗俗的、令人不悦的、直接的、无礼的词或者表达方式。

3.英语委婉语的分类

根据不同的标准，英语委婉语可划分为不同的类型。根据所表达的事物禁忌与否，可划分为两大类：传统委婉语（TraditionalEuphemism）和文体委婉语（StylisticEuphemism）（刘纯豹，2001）

3.1传统委婉语（TraditionalEuphemism）

传统委婉语常用比喻、借代、迂回等修辞手法表达一些令人感到不快、尴尬、厌恶、恐惧的事，从而使语言文雅、含蓄、中听、有礼。实际上，就是用间接表达取代生硬、刺耳的词语。例如：生、老、病、、葬、性、裸、拉、撒等禁忌词语。举例说明：

1）Theoldmansaid“Idon’twanttogohomeinthedark”.（gohome=die）

这个老人说：“我不想在黑暗中回家。”

2）Seniorcitizensarerespectedinourcountry.（seniorcitizen=oldman）

年长者在我国受到尊重。

3）Thestudentsaidthathewasundertheweatherandaskedforonedayleave.（undertheweather=ill）

这个学生说自己身体不适，要求请两天假。

3.2文体委婉语（StylisticEuphemism）

文体委婉语实际上是一种恭维、溢美之辞，与禁忌语并无关系，会采用夸饰的手法来表达一些令人不快的事物或话题。例如：政治、军事、职业、商业用语等。举例说明：

1）Thesanitaryengineerskeepourcityclean.（sanitaryengineer=dustman）

清洁工人保持着我们城市的清洁。

2）AmericanPentagonspokesmansaid“Wewouldattackatargetofopportunity.”（atargetofopportunity=atargetoftheIraqileadership）

美国五角大楼发言人说：“我们要打击伊拉克的高层领导目标。”

Euphemism (Euphemism) from the Greek word eu prefix _well andpheme speaking. According to the "English: Euphemism explain the definition of" is a euphemism used beautiful sound or replace those whose terms more direct, offensive language, with words of goodwill to conceal the fact that the modification means. It is not only a social linguistic phenomenon, but also a cultural phenomenon. As society advances, the development of human civilization, Euphemism community as a whole has always been accompanied by a process of verbal communication, and fully demonstrated its communicative function. Euphemism in various fields have a wide range of applications, so euphemism our understanding of the role of communication for us to learn English well, effective cross-cultural communication is very useful.

1. Deny function

As for some people's fear of things or phenomena in language expression, not deeds, not words, but sometimes such meaning to the expression, so people would learn how to use the euphemism instead.

Every nation in the "death" that have their own euphemism. English-speaking countries and many people in the nation, said English taboo direct the "death" There are many manifestations.

2. Avoid vulgar function

Language is a tool for the exchange of ideas. People in the exchange, because, because, because, because of the inconvenience matter directly express their meaning, for instance, some of the body parts (such as genital mutilation), sexual intercourse, urine, birth, and so on, if respect not讳expression, people often feel very uncomfortable, the speaker will feel that the other side is vulgar, not conservation. Therefore, the English have a lot on the expression of mild embarrassment to resolve this.

Apart from the tears, all the body excretion vocabulary are considered to be taboo language

"The terms of the alternative have a euphemism, such as:" knowledge "called (facts of life)," yellow film "(pornographic movies) called" adult films "(adult films)," illegal cohabitation " (free love) called "Shihun" (trial marriage), "illegitimate" (illegitimate child) is described as "child born of love" (love child) and the relationships between women and men is not legitimate, with a affair all get on the general. "

"With the continuous development of human society, although people no longer" talks of the colors ", but in some places formal communication, people with the sex (of) the words, in addition to using some of the medical terminology, usually make love (sex) sleep together (Strange Bedfellow) such a euphemism to express have sexual intercourse (sex). pregnant women (pregnant) and (sex) is necessarily related, so people tend to use tactful way to express this concept

3. Courtesy function

Euphemism Another function is to avoid the communication venture and indecent assault, when forced to be involved in the unpleasant things, should be the expression of choice euphemism to avoid hurting each other's feelings. In the social, people Silixiangdai total stress, and try to avoid words and deeds of indecent assault. Use euphemisms, the Speaker is not only courteous, but also for the care of the opponent's often tough to access each other's goodwill and recognition. Euphemism because of the name of the "moderate" (mildness) them with courtesy function.

4. Hide function

In the economic, political and war, the emergence of a diplomatic euphemism. Diplomatic personnel is such a rich source of euphemism. Since they often attempt to international tension reduce the gravity of the situation to a minimum, thereby let their real motives or failure gives an ambiguous impression. Only experts can understand; between the two diplomats a useful and businesslike meeting (the meeting useful and in all seriousness) What is the problem not the solution to meet a serious and candid discussion (serious and frank discussions) is a matter of fact there is a big differences discussion.

5. Compliment function

Euphemism Another function is to play the role of praise, using both neutral or Baoyi substitute the words or phrases containing derogatory words or phrases color. Communication from the point of view of this euphemism is actually compliment functional speaker on the other side of a "flattering" (uplift). Psychologically, the community-those who engage in the work of the lower people, even if the population is to hear what the heads of their profession praised the "flattering" the other Euphemism also might not "needs a heart."